Risk of Latex Allergy
The prevalence and incidence of natural latex allergy still remain unqualified. One estimate suggests that the incidence in the general population is less than 1% but maybe higher within certain groups. (Ref. MDA DB9601, April 1996). MDA has been unable to find any conclusive evidence that the prevalence in the UK has significantly increased.
Reactions to Latex
Natural rubber latex sensitivity possibly transmitted via the powder used to dust some latex gloves through direct contact or inhalation.
There are three recognised types of reactions:
Irritation
This is a non-allergic condition. A rash may occur on the back of hands characterised by a dry and itchy condition. It is advisable to remove gloves as soon as possible and wash hands with running water after use.
Delayed hypersensitivity (type IV)
This reaction is predominantly caused by an allergy due to the residue from manufacturing process. Characterised by red rash on back of hands and between the fingers. The skin may become leathery and express papules or blisters. The reaction is delayed, occurring several hours after contact and then subsides. Repeated exposure to rubber latex may cause the skin condition to extend beyond the area of contact.
Immediate hypersensitivity (type I)
This reaction is predominantly a response to the natural protein residue found in rubber latex. Characterised by local or generalised urticaria and oedema. Respiratory difficulties and anaphylaxis may occur in extreme cases. Reaction is almost immediate in effect but usually diminishes rapidly once contact with rubber material has ceased.
Atopic Individuals
Atopic individuals are those predisposed to allergies in general. Tendency to experience hypersensitivities in the form of asthma, hay fever or atopic dermatitis are more likely to become latex sensitised.
Individuals With Certain Food Allergies
Several case reports have indicated possibility that individuals sensitive to avocado, chestnut or banana demonstrate an increased likelihood of sensitisation to rubber latex. A cross reacting agent may be the cause.
